Urban managers are expected to have good performance and their efforts improve the quality of life of citizens with minimal cost and maximum efficiency of resources. "Urban land" is a valuable commodity which is used in Housing and Urban field. Wasteful consumption of land will result Prodigality in other consumer items such as water, electricity, gas and vehicle fuel. Now, the question is that whether the productivity of urban land use and improving its usage pattern has been notice in Mehr plan or not. Studies show the use of urban land is highly wasteful. The levels of access for residential and index levels for public green space and levels have been measured. This study shows that Mehr plan not only improves the productivity of land usage but also improves the quality of urban life according to Urban Standards. If the plan can be transferred to the internal parts of cities, the indictors will be improved more.

Introduction: The housing is a durable, multidimensional, non-homogenous, immoveable, very expensive good, and the main factor signifying the sociability of people within the universe which is accompanied with symbolic values as the sign of status and lifestyle of people. Based on this, the current paper has aimed to evaluate the state of the houses of people of different income classes, to suggest plans for preparing people of low income with appropriate housing at different city spots of the province of Lorestan, and to reveal more about the poor quality of the construction of houses, inappropriate urban planning pattern, and improper materials used for building urban houses, in order to attract the attention of the authorities and managers. Based on the studies we have conducted, nearly two third of the population of the cities in Lorestan live in nondurable houses, deprived from suitable needed spaces.Methodology: This study is a fundamental – practical study, conducted within the geographic-politic boarders of the province of Lorestan, in the year 2007, the statistics source of which was Iran's Statistics Center. The methods used include statistics techniques of population tenths. In order to estimate financial states of the groups, the indirect function method is being used. Also, in order to define the opportunities, threats, power points and weak points of the low-income groups, the SWOT model is used.Result and Discussion: Findings of this research show the family size has had a reduction from 4.3 in the year 1997 to 3.7 in the year 2007. Within the period of 1997 to 2007, the mean residential areas owned by the first to the last tenths have had fluctuations in different city spots, i.e. the mean residential area owned by the first tenth as the lowest tenth of the society has increased from 57.9 square meters in 1997 to 82.7 in 2007. On the contrary, the mean residential area owned by the last tenth has decreased from 139.5 to 122.1. In the year 2007, the mean residential area owned by the first tenth was 82.7 square meters, and this value was 60.7 square meters for the second tenth, 107.7 for the third, 99.7 for the fourth, 117.5 for the fifth, 105 for the sixth, 1.6 for the seventh, 102 for the eighth, 112.9 for the ninth and 122.1 for the last tenth which is the highest mean value of the residential area. Within the period of 1997-2007 the rate of owning a house in urban areas of the province of Lorestan has decreased from 54.5 percent to 50 percent. This value has had a great reduction in the second tenth and has decreased from 86.4 percent in 1997 to 34.5 percent in the year 2007. The rate of house ownership has increased in the third tenth, decreased in the fourth tenth, increased in fifth, sixth and seventh tenths and decreased in the last tenths. Tenancy percentage has increased in the first, second, fourth, ninth and last tenths and decreased in the others within the period of 1997 to 2007. Based on the mean price per square meter, in the year 2007 house ownership ability is on average 4.8 square meter of a residential area in the first tenth and about 13 square meters in the fifth tenth. Saving tendency is 5 percent in the first tenth, 4 percent in the second tenth, 6 percent in the third tenth, 8 percent in the fourth tenth, 9 percent in the fifth tenth, 9 percent in sixth, seventh and eighth tenths, 22 in ninth tenths and 19 in the last tenth. The income of these tenths is 3.8, 7.14, 3.13, 22.7, 37.3, 39.8, 58, 70.6, 98.3, 331.2 and 447.2 million Rials respectively. The poverty line in the area of housing has increased within the period of 1997 to 2007 based on both mean value and mid value. In the year 2002, the average poverty line was 4 based on mean value and 36 based on mid value. These amounts were 9 and 9.2 respectively in the year 2007. Conclusion: The lower tenths of the residents of urban areas in Lorestan province are of the highest unemployment rate, lowest income, and highest rate of tenancy the value of which reduces as we move towards higher tenths. Hence, regarding the volume of housing needs, the first tenths of the society are of higher needs for the tenancy percentage in the province is about 18 percent. The income of the first to fifth tenths is also very low as compared to the average price.

Introduction: As a direct result of migrations rising and population growth, particularly in developing and undeveloped countries, the population of cities was increased. Different results and problems such as density, pollution, unemployment, housing shortage and urban services, have been caused by the fast population growth across the developing countries during last three decades (Atash & Shirazi Beheshtiha, 1998: 1). First and foremost, developing of living in cities following with its special problems has necessitated finding some solutions in order to optimize citizen’s life (Zarabi & Ghanbari, 2010: 1).

​The Mehr housing project is one of the biggest projects, and due to its extent, it is necessary to examine the results of this experience. Given that in 2017, the twelfth government put the national housing action plan on its agenda, the evaluation of Mehr housing complexes can have a positive effect on the implementation of the national housing plan. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the quality of Mehr housing complexes in Ardebil city, which is a step towards the optimal planning of the national housing plan. The statistical population of the research includes 20 experts. In order to evaluate and prioritize the studied complexes, eight parameters (facilities and services, physical, social, lighting and ventilation, pollution, access, environmental, and economic) were used. In this regard, the target sites were prioritized using the MABAC model. The GIS software was also used to better represent the output. The findings showed that Mehr Waliasr housing (Sham Esbi) is in first place with a score of 0.485 and is a good condition, while Mehr Mirasharf housing is ranked last with a score of -0.385 and is in a very unfavorable situation. Mehr Pileh Saharan housing is ranked second with a score of 0.070, which shows the relatively good condition of this complex. The results of the research reveal that in the planning, construction, and implementation of Mehr housing complexes, quantitative and project aspects have surpassed their quality. Therefore, it is hoped that these shortcomings will be overcome in the national housing plan

Housing construction policies in the country after the Islamic revolution and during the last two decades have faced many challenges and have not been very successful. The severe reduction in housing construction and delivery delays are major challenges in the field of housing construction policies in Iran. Due to the intensive increase in the price of land, materials, inflation, etc, the construction market has been facing increasing stagnation for the past decade, which reflects the housing policy of Mehr housing and then the national housing action plan is raised to continue it and eliminate the existing weaknesses. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its purpose is to analyz the future challenges in Mehr housing policies and the national housing action plan for Pardis new-town which located in Tehran province. The selection of criteria and indicators and their finalization was done by asking experts and based on the Delphi technique, and a questionnaire was prepared as a research tool and given to 35 experts in the field of housing. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by relevant experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha test. Structural equation modeling and SMART-PLS software were used to analyze the obtained data. The research results show that all the intended indicators are considered as acute issues, sensitive weaknesses and harmful challenges in the future and according to the processes based on the relationships between variables, the physical criterion with the importance of 0.268, the economic criterion with the importance of 0.262, The social criterion with the importance of 0.248 and the management criterion with the importance of 0.205 respectively are the most challenging future components in the Mehr housing policies and the national action plan for Pardis new-town.

One of the fundamental goals in physical development planning is to reduce the vulnerability of the constructed space to environmental hazards. One of the most important dangerous crises in the geographical space of the country is the occurrence of earthquakes and the resulting economic and social damages. The occurrence of the Bam earthquake in 2003 led to the implementation of the "Reconstruction Plan of Bam city and surrounding villages" in 2005, which has had thought-provoking changes in the planning and reconstruction of rural housing. This study intends to identify and analyze the evolution of housing and its basic functions in the structural-functional understanding of rural housing by physically examining and evaluating the mentioned plan. The present study is applied in terms of purpose with a "positivist" approach and is descriptive-analytical based on methodology. Information and data were collected through documentary and field methods in the form of questionnaires, observations and purposeful interviews. Data were recorded, processed and analyzed in statistical software and GIS environment. The statistical population of the study was the villages covered by the Bam city reconstruction plan. Twelve villages were selected using cluster sampling method based on the effect of earthquake penetration and the formation of a three-dimensional matrix. The three-dimensional matrix included: the number of households in the village, the distance of the village from the fault and the epicenter of the earthquake, and the amount of damage to the village. In the next step, the samples were determined based on Morgan table and finally, by distributing the researcher-made questionnaires in proportion to the weight of the population of each village, 354 questionnaires were completed by the heads of households. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using experts in the field of rural planning and Cronbach's test (0.94), respectively. Findings show that in the housing pattern of the affected villages of Bam, fundamental changes have taken place in retrofitting and the type and location of materials, map, number of rooms and the level of infrastructure compared to before and after the earthquake. One of the results of the effectiveness of the reconstruction plan is the visible functional changes and the lack or incompatibility of some functions in the newly built houses. This means that pre-earthquake bio-subsistence housing has become purely post-reconstruction bio-housing. The role of the villagers in these developments has been very small, which has been due to the centralism of the project. In reviewing the design and reconstruction of rural houses at risk of earthquakes, the following should be considered: institutionalization of rural participation, utilization of indigenous knowledge, rural housing with socio-economic functions and especially the origins of special culture, planning and intervention in rural physical context and access to the pattern of sustainable rural housing.

Given the significance of housing in sustainable urban development and improving citizens' quality of life, the present study investigates the indicators and key components of design in Iran’s National Housing Plan. The research method consisted of three main stages. First, key components of housing planning were identified through documentary studies and a review of academic sources, official documents, and international experiences. A total of six indicators encompassing 30 components were identified. The validity of the indicators was assessed using the Delphi method by convening a panel of 30 experts over two rounds. After validating the components, a questionnaire with 30 items on a Likert scale was developed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through expert judgment, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the AVE and CR indices. Its reliability was assessed using the test-retest method (correlation coefficient = 0.85) and Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). The statistical population included housing applicants, citizens, and researchers, and the sample size was determined to be 100 individuals using Cochran's formula. Ultimately, data were weighted using the entropy method. According to the results derived from the entropy model, economic indicators had the highest weight (0.177), indicating the greatest importance. This was followed by environmental components and architectural and construction standards, both with weights of 0.169. The lowest final weight belonged to "design guideline lines" with a value of 0.148, suggesting it had the least influence in the overall evaluation compared to the other indicators. Based on the findings, the most significant key indicators for programming the National Housing Plan in Iran fall into five general categories: architectural and construction standards, managerial indicators, social indicators, economic components, and environmental aspects.

Generally, housing as a complex entity, multi-layer and multi-value goods, have a relative sustainable notability in society. Housing supply in public projects framework is an acceptable strategy. The Mehr housing project in Iran matches with this approach and has planned especially for supplying affordable housing for low-income groups. This research has been targeted evaluation on eight cities-projects of the Mehr housing plan in Tehran province Urban Areas that have fewer than 500, 000 populations. Our method is quantitative; statement of research is descriptive and analytical by using the technique of data envelopment analysis. Model of the study is BCC- input oriented with variable returns to scale. Input variables of the model are land as a physical resource, financial resource and the only output of the model is housing Floor Area. Among the four groups of Mehr housing plan, self-ownership projects are selected as sample data of the study. Running of the final model is done by MaxDEA software. According to the results, average of technical efficiency (TE) index in mentioned cities is 0.92. Meanwhile, Malard self-ownership housing projects have the lowest (TE) score, equal to 0.6. Results indicated that possibility of economic saving in self-ownership public housing plans. This saving can be 8 hectares of land as a main input of housing production and amount over 457 billion Riyal of banking housing loan, which allocated to this national plan of housing affordability for low-income groups in Tehran Province. Moreover, it is recommended for using of interdisciplinary approaches and new qualitative indexes in the evaluation system of public housing projects.

assessment is a systematic method of collecting, analyzing and using measurement results to improve the development plans and its timing. Initiated in 2005, the special plan for the improvement and renewal of rural housing to provide resilient housing in line with rural needs annually renovates 200, 000 rural residential units according to the Islamic Revolution’ s Housing Foundation. Despite the relative success of the Rural Improvement and Renewal plan, two main factors necessitated the assessment studies for rooting, pathology and corrective suggestions: observing the paradox between the implementation and some process/content goals outlined in the Special Plan and the developments and complexities resulting from changes in construction technologies and spatial needs of rural applicants. Accordingly, our aim is to assess the realization and implications of special plan in the framework of the evaluative research methodology using theoretical assessment and impact assessment through randomized social survey in three provinces of Gilan, Hamedan and Sistan Baluchestan with three different levels of development, permeability and realization. Sampling was carried out in three stages: (1) selecting provinces based on human-physical indicators(showing the development level among the factors influencing the successful implementation), provincial institutional features including administrative, legal, and financial characteristics as well as realization and permeability coefficients as two variables indicating the status of the special plan’ s permeation and realization in rural units. The main objectives of this study included: identifying theoretical and content constraints of the Special Plan, two research missions for desirability assessment and theoretical efficiency and assessing the realization of the improvement and renewal of rural housing in the three main axes: (1) the procedural axes, (2) the aesthetic/native-oriented quality axis, (3) the contextual axis such as resistance, satisfaction and mental well-being, etc. which are measurable using quantity criteria. Considering the research limitations, this study only deals with the third axis results. In the framework of the selected conceptual model of research based on the review of criteria of sustainable and decent rural housing, the theoretical adequacy assessment tools and realization of sustainable and decent rural housing measures in the targeted villages include a few criteria the validated through theoretical foundations and concordance with the actors of the special including population stability and sustainability of development, accountability and adaptation to needs, subjective well-being and satisfaction, economic continuity and ability of residents, compliance with the requirements of ambitious plans, resilience and safety, social security and the quality of cases. The results indicated that the plan was relatively successful regarding population stability and sustainability of development, economic continuity, affordability and economic capacity, well-being and mental satisfaction of residents. However, the plan partly failed to meet the criteria of accountability and adaptation to the needs of applicants with paradoxes such as failure to meet certain livelihood needs, as well as resilience and safety. Finally, participatory design policies, flexible mapping and updating of predetermined plans for meeting the livelihood needs and prioritizing the rural-community empowerment approach, intensified monitoring by supervisors, and post-implementation map changes have been proposed to promote documents and mechanisms of this plan.